Selenium Automation for E-commerce Websites

Table of Contents

1. Why Automate E-commerce Testing?

2. Key Challenges in E-commerce Testing

3. Prerequisites for Automation

4. Test Scenarios for E-commerce Websites

   • User Registration & Login

   • Search Product Feature

   • Product Details & Cart Management

   • Checkout & Payment Flow

5. Best Practices for E-commerce Test Automation

6. Advanced Testing Scenarios

7. Complementary Tools for E-commerce Testing

8. Conclusion

---

Why Automate E-commerce Testing?

Modern e-commerce platforms are complex ecosystems integrating:

• Product catalogs with thousands of dynamic SKUs

• Multi-step shopping carts with real-time calculations

• Secure payment gateways (credit cards, digital wallets)

• User account systems with personalized experiences

Automation delivers transformative benefits:

Benefit	Impact	Example
Lightning-Fast Execution	10-100x faster than manual testing	Run 500 product search tests in 15 minutes instead of 8 hours
Flawless Precision	99.9% error-free test execution	Eliminate checkout calculation mistakes during holiday sales
Effortless Scalability	Test 10 or 10,000 products with equal ease	Handle Black Friday traffic spikes without additional resources
Continuous Protection	Instant regression detection	Catch breaking changes before they reach production

Real-world results from top retailers:

• 78% reduction in critical bugs reaching production

• 92% faster release cycles

• $2.3M annual savings in QA costs (Forrester Research)

"Automation isn't just about speed - it's about building trust in every customer interaction." - Amazon QA Director

This strategic approach transforms testing from a bottleneck to a competitive advantage, ensuring seamless customer experiences at scale.

---

Key Challenges in E-commerce Testing

Challenge	Solution
Dynamic Content (Prices, Offers)	Use XPath/CSS Selectors with contains(), starts-with()
Third-party Integrations (Payment Gateways, APIs)	Mock APIs using Postman or RestAssured
Responsive Design	Cross-browser testing with Selenium Grid
High Traffic Handling	Load testing with JMeter

Prerequisites for Automation

You should know the following topics before starting this project assignment:

• Software Testing Concepts

• Core Java (for Selenium scripting)

• Locators (Xpath, CSS Selectors)

• Selenium Webdriver

• Interactive Commands

• Actions Class Commands

• Wait Commands

---

Test Scenarios for E-commerce Websites

1. User Registration & Login

Test Cases

Scenario	Expected Result
Guest checkout	Allows purchase without registration
Valid registration	User account created successfully
Invalid email format	Shows error message
Mandatory field validation	Prevents submission with blank fields

Complete Registration Test Automation Suite

Positive Test Scenario: Successful User Registration

java

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;
import io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager;

public class EcommerceRegistrationTest {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Initialize WebDriver
        WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        
        try {
            // Test Configuration
            String URL = "http://automationpractice.com/index.php";
            String testEmail = "test" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "@test.com";
            
            // Test Execution
            driver.get(URL);
            driver.manage().window().maximize();
            driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            
            // Registration Flow
            driver.findElement(By.linkText("Sign in")).click();
            driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("[name='email_create']")).sendKeys(testEmail);
            driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[@name='SubmitCreate']")).click();
            
            // Fill Registration Form
            fillRegistrationForm(driver);
            
            // Validation
            String userName = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(".account")).getText();
            if(userName.contains("Vsoft")) {
                System.out.println("Registration Successful - Test Passed");
            } else {
                System.out.println("Registration Failed - Test Failed");
            }
            
        } finally {
            driver.quit();
        }
    }
    
    private static void fillRegistrationForm(WebDriver driver) {
        // Personal Information
        driver.findElement(By.id("id_gender1")).click();
        driver.findElement(By.name("customer_firstname")).sendKeys("Test");
        driver.findElement(By.name("customer_lastname")).sendKeys("User");
        driver.findElement(By.id("passwd")).sendKeys("Password@123");
        
        // Address Information
        driver.findElement(By.id("address1")).sendKeys("123 Test St");
        driver.findElement(By.id("city")).sendKeys("Testville");
        
        // State Selection
        Select stateDropdown = new Select(driver.findElement(By.name("id_state")));
        stateDropdown.selectByValue("4");
        
        driver.findElement(By.id("postcode")).sendKeys("12345");
        driver.findElement(By.id("phone_mobile")).sendKeys("1234567890");
        driver.findElement(By.name("submitAccount")).click();
    }
}

Negative Test Scenarios

1. Invalid Email Format Validation

java

@Test
public void testInvalidEmailRegistration() {
    driver.findElement(By.linkText("Sign in")).click();
    driver.findElement(By.id("email_create")).sendKeys("invalid-email");
    driver.findElement(By.id("SubmitCreate")).click();
    
    String errorMessage = driver.findElement(By.id("create_account_error")).getText();
    Assert.assertTrue(errorMessage.contains("Invalid email address"));
}

2. Mandatory Field Validation

java

@Test
public void testMandatoryFieldValidation() {
    // Start registration with valid email
    driver.findElement(By.linkText("Sign in")).click();
    driver.findElement(By.id("email_create")).sendKeys("test" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "@test.com");
    driver.findElement(By.id("SubmitCreate")).click();
    
    // Submit empty form
    driver.findElement(By.id("submitAccount")).click();
    
    // Verify error count
    int errorCount = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(".alert-danger li")).size();
    Assert.assertTrue(errorCount > 0);
}

3. Invalid Data Format Validation

java

@Test
public void testInvalidDataFormats() {
    // Start registration
    // ...
    
    // Enter invalid data
    driver.findElement(By.id("firstname")).sendKeys("12345"); // Numbers in name field
    driver.findElement(By.id("postcode")).sendKeys("ABCDE"); // Letters in zip code
    
    driver.findElement(By.id("submitAccount")).click();
    
    Assert.assertTrue(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(".alert-danger"))
                  .getText().contains("invalid"));
}

2. Product Search Feature for E-commerce

Test Cases

Scenario	Expected Result
Search with filters (Price, Brand)	Displays relevant products
Empty search query	Shows "No results found"
Partial keyword search	Returns matching products

Automation Test Suite for Product Search for E-commerce Website

java

import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
import io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager;
import java.time.Duration;

public class ProductSearchTest {
    
    private static final String BASE_URL = "http://automationpractice.com/index.php";
    private static final Duration TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(10);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Initialize WebDriver with automatic browser management
        WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TIMEOUT);
        Actions actions = new Actions(driver);

        try {
            // Test Configuration
            driver.manage().window().maximize();
            driver.get(BASE_URL);

            // 1. Navigate to T-Shirts category
            navigateToTShirtsCategory(driver, wait, actions);

            // 2. Capture product details
            String productName = captureFirstProductName(driver, wait);

            // 3. Execute search and validate
            validateProductSearch(driver, wait, productName);

        } finally {
            driver.quit();
        }
    }

    private static void navigateToTShirtsCategory(WebDriver driver, WebDriverWait wait, Actions actions) {
        WebElement womenMenu = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(
            By.linkText("WOMEN")));
        
        WebElement tshirtsSubmenu = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(
            By.xpath("//ul[contains(@class,'submenu-container')]//a[@title='T-shirts']")));
        
        actions.moveToElement(womenMenu)
               .pause(Duration.ofMillis(500))
               .click(tshirtsSubmenu)
               .perform();
    }

    private static String captureFirstProductName(WebDriver driver, WebDriverWait wait) {
        WebElement firstProduct = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(
            By.xpath("//ul[@class='product_list']/li[1]//h5/a")));
        
        String productName = firstProduct.getText().trim();
        System.out.println("Captured Product: " + productName);
        return productName;
    }

    private static void validateProductSearch(WebDriver driver, WebDriverWait wait, String productName) {
        WebElement searchField = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(
            By.id("search_query_top")));
        
        searchField.sendKeys(productName);
        driver.findElement(By.name("submit_search")).click();

        // Verification
        WebElement searchResult = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(
            By.xpath("//ul[@class='product_list']/li[1]//h5/a")));
        
        String resultProductName = searchResult.getText().trim();
        
        if (productName.equalsIgnoreCase(resultProductName)) {
            System.out.println("✅ Search Validation Passed - Correct product displayed");
        } else {
            System.out.println("❌ Search Validation Failed");
            System.out.println("Expected: " + productName);
            System.out.println("Actual: " + resultProductName);
        }
    }
}

Here's a concise explanation of the Selenium test code:

Purpose: This automated test verifies product search functionality on an e-commerce site.

Key Components:

1. Setup:

   • Uses ChromeDriver via WebDriverManager

   • Configures 10-second timeout for element waits

   • Initializes Actions class for mouse interactions

2. Test Flow:

   • Navigates to the website homepage

   • Hovers over "WOMEN" menu and clicks "T-shirts" submenu

   • Captures the name of the first displayed product

   • Searches for that product name

   • Verifies the search returns the correct product

3. Helper Methods:

   • navigateToTShirtsCategory(): Handles menu navigation

   • captureFirstProductName(): Gets product text

   • validateProductSearch(): Performs search and validation

4. Cleanup:

   • Automatically closes browser when done

   • Uses try-finally to ensure cleanup

What It Validates:

• Category navigation works

• Product names display correctly

• Search functionality returns accurate results

• UI elements are interactable

3. Product Details and Cart Management

Test Cases

Scenario	Expected Result
Add to cart	Product appears in cart
Update quantity	Total price recalculates
Remove item	Cart updates correctly

Purchase Product Test Automation Suite for E-commerce Website

java

import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
import io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager;
import java.time.Duration;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;

public class EcommercePurchaseTest {
    
    private static final String BASE_URL = "http://automationpractice.com/index.php";
    private static final String USER_EMAIL = "testuser_" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "@test.com";
    private static final String PASSWORD = "SecurePass123!";
    private static final Duration TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(10);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TIMEOUT);
        Actions actions = new Actions(driver);

        try {
            // Test Setup
            driver.manage().window().maximize();
            driver.get(BASE_URL);

            // 1. User Login
            loginToAccount(driver, wait);

            // 2. Select Product
            selectProduct(driver, wait, actions);

            // 3. Configure Product Options
            configureProduct(driver, wait);

            // 4. Complete Checkout Process
            completeCheckout(driver, wait);

            // 5. Verify Order Confirmation
            verifyOrderConfirmation(driver, wait);

        } finally {
            driver.quit();
        }
    }

    private static void loginToAccount(WebDriver driver, WebDriverWait wait) {
        driver.findElement(By.linkText("Sign in")).click();
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("email")));
        
        driver.findElement(By.id("email")).sendKeys(USER_EMAIL);
        driver.findElement(By.id("passwd")).sendKeys(PASSWORD);
        driver.findElement(By.id("SubmitLogin")).click();
        
        assertTrue(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(".account")).isDisplayed());
    }

    private static void selectProduct(WebDriver driver, WebDriverWait wait, Actions actions) {
        WebElement womenMenu = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.linkText("WOMEN")));
        WebElement tshirtsSubmenu = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//ul[contains(@class,'submenu-container')]//a[@title='T-shirts']"));
        
        actions.moveToElement(womenMenu)
               .pause(Duration.ofMillis(500))
               .click(tshirtsSubmenu)
               .perform();
        
        WebElement product = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(
            By.xpath("//ul[@class='product_list']/li[2]")));
        WebElement moreButton = product.findElement(By.xpath(".//a[contains(@class,'lnk_view')]"));
        
        actions.moveToElement(product)
               .pause(Duration.ofMillis(500))
               .click(moreButton)
               .perform();
    }

    private static void configureProduct(WebDriver driver, WebDriverWait wait) {
        // Set quantity
        WebElement quantity = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.id("quantity_wanted")));
        quantity.clear();
        quantity.sendKeys("2");

        // Select size
        Select sizeDropdown = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("group_1")));
        sizeDropdown.selectByVisibleText("M");

        // Select color
        driver.findElement(By.id("color_11")).click();

        // Add to cart
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[contains(@class,'add_to_cart')]")).click();
        
        // Wait for cart overlay and proceed
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(
            By.xpath("//div[contains(@class,'layer_cart_product')]")));
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@title='Proceed to checkout']")).click();
    }

    private static void completeCheckout(WebDriver driver, WebDriverWait wait) {
        // Proceed through checkout steps
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(
            By.xpath("//p[@class='cart_navigation clearfix']/a[@title='Proceed to checkout']")))
            .click();
        
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.name("processAddress"))).click();
        
        driver.findElement(By.id("cgv")).click();
        driver.findElement(By.name("processCarrier")).click();
        
        // Select payment method
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(
            By.xpath("//a[@title='Pay by check.']")))
            .click();
        
        // Confirm order
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(
            By.xpath("//button[contains(@class,'button-medium')]")))
            .click();
    }

    private static void verifyOrderConfirmation(WebDriver driver, WebDriverWait wait) {
        WebElement confirmation = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(
            By.xpath("//p[@class='alert alert-success']")));
        
        assertTrue("Order confirmation not displayed", 
            confirmation.getText().contains("complete"));
        System.out.println("✅ Order completed successfully");
    }
}

Here's a concise explanation of the e-commerce purchase test automation code:

Purpose: Automates an end-to-end product purchase workflow including login, product selection, checkout, and payment.

Key Components:

1. Setup:

   • Configures ChromeDriver with 10-second timeouts

   • Generates unique test credentials using timestamps

   • Initializes WebDriver, WebDriverWait, and Actions

2. Test Flow:

   • Logs in with test credentials

   • Navigates to Women > T-shirts category

   • Selects second product and views details

   • Configures product options (quantity: 2, size: M, color)

   • Adds to cart and proceeds through checkout

   • Selects "Pay by check" and confirms order

   • Verifies successful order confirmation

3. Key Methods:

   • loginToAccount(): Handles authentication

   • selectProduct(): Navigates category menus

   • configureProduct(): Sets product options

   • completeCheckout(): Processes payment

   • verifyOrderConfirmation(): Validates success

4. Payment and Order History

Test Cases

Scenario	Expected Result
Guest checkout	Allows purchase without login
Payment failure	Displays error message
Order confirmation	Sends email/SMS confirmation

Payment Gateway Automation Test Suite for E-commerce Website

java

import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
import io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager;
import java.time.Duration;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;

public class PaymentGatewayTests {
    
    private static final String TEST_URL = "https://sandbox.example-ecom.com";
    private static final Duration TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(15);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TIMEOUT);

        try {
            driver.manage().window().maximize();
            driver.get(TEST_URL);

            // Run payment tests
            testCreditCardPayment(driver, wait);
            testPayPalPayment(driver, wait);
            
            // Verify order history
            testOrderHistoryVisibility(driver, wait);

        } finally {
            driver.quit();
        }
    }

    // Payment Test Methods
    private static void testCreditCardPayment(WebDriver driver, WebDriverWait wait) {
        navigateToCheckout(driver, wait);
        
        selectPaymentMethod(driver, wait, "card");
        fillCardDetails(driver, wait, "4111111111111111", "12/25", "123");
        
        submitPayment(driver, wait);
        verifyConfirmation(driver, wait, "Credit Card");
    }

    private static void testPayPalPayment(WebDriver driver, WebDriverWait wait) {
        navigateToCheckout(driver, wait);
        
        selectPaymentMethod(driver, wait, "paypal");
        driver.findElement(By.id("paypalLoginButton")).click();
        
        // Switch to PayPal iframe
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.frameToBeAvailableAndSwitchToIt(
            By.cssSelector("iframe[name='paypal']")));
        
        // Sandbox credentials
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.id("email"))).sendKeys("sb-test@example.com");
        driver.findElement(By.id("password")).sendKeys("test1234");
        driver.findElement(By.id("btnLogin")).click();
        
        driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
        submitPayment(driver, wait);
        verifyConfirmation(driver, wait, "PayPal");
    }

    // Order History Test
    private static void testOrderHistoryVisibility(WebDriver driver, WebDriverWait wait) {
        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(".account-dropdown")).click();
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(
            By.linkText("Order History"))).click();
        
        WebElement orderTable = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(
            By.cssSelector(".order-history-table")));
        
        assertTrue("No orders found in history", 
            orderTable.findElements(By.cssSelector(".order-item")).size() > 0);
        
        System.out.println("✅ Order history verification passed");
    }

    // Helper Methods
    private static void navigateToCheckout(WebDriver driver, WebDriverWait wait) {
        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(".mini-cart")).click();
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(
            By.id("proceedToCheckout"))).click();
    }

    private static void selectPaymentMethod(WebDriver driver, WebDriverWait wait, String method) {
        String selector = String.format("input[value='%s']", method);
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.cssSelector(selector))).click();
    }

    private static void fillCardDetails(WebDriver driver, WebDriverWait wait, 
                                      String cardNumber, String expiry, String cvv) {
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.frameToBeAvailableAndSwitchToIt(
            By.cssSelector(".card-number-frame")));
        driver.findElement(By.name("cardnumber")).sendKeys(cardNumber);
        driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
        
        // Similar handling for expiry and CVV iframes
        // ...
    }

    private static void submitPayment(WebDriver driver, WebDriverWait wait) {
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(
            By.id("submitPayment"))).click();
    }

    private static void verifyConfirmation(WebDriver driver, WebDriverWait wait, String method) {
        WebElement confirmation = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(
            By.cssSelector(".payment-confirmation")));
        
        assertTrue(String.format("%s payment failed", method), 
            confirmation.getText().contains("successful"));
        System.out.println("✅ " + method + " payment test passed");
    }
}

This Java Selenium script automates payment gateway testing for an e-commerce website, covering credit card and PayPal transactions, plus order history verification.

---

Key Components

1. Setup

   • Uses ChromeDriver via WebDriverManager

   • Sets 15-second timeout for element waits

   • Tests run on a sandbox environment (TEST_URL)

2. Test Workflow

   • Credit Card Payment Test

     • Enters test card details (4111... visa test number)

     • Submits payment and verifies confirmation

   • PayPal Sandbox Test

     • Switches to PayPal iframe

     • Logs in with sandbox credentials

     • Completes payment flow

   • Order History Check

     • Verifies orders appear in purchase history

3. Helper Methods

   • navigateToCheckout(): Goes from cart to checkout

   • selectPaymentMethod(): Chooses card/PayPal option

   • fillCardDetails(): Handles iframe entry for card data

   • submitPayment(): Clicks payment button

   • verifyConfirmation(): Checks for success message

---

Why This Matters

• Sandbox Testing: Uses test payment credentials (no real money)

• Iframe Handling: Properly switches contexts for payment forms

• Modular Design: Reusable methods for different payment types

• Validation: Asserts confirmations and order history updates

Additional Test Scenarios

1. Failed Payment Simulation

java

@Test
public void testDeclinedCardPayment() {
    navigateToCheckout(driver, wait);
    selectPaymentMethod(driver, wait, "card");
    fillCardDetails(driver, wait, "4000000000000002", "12/25", "123");
    submitPayment(driver, wait);
    
    WebElement error = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(
        By.cssSelector(".payment-error")));
    assertTrue(error.getText().contains("declined"));
}

2. Order Details Verification

java

@Test
public void testOrderDetailsAccuracy() {
    navigateToOrderHistory(driver, wait);
    
    WebElement firstOrder = driver.findElement(
        By.cssSelector(".order-item:first-child"));
    firstOrder.click();
    
    WebElement productName = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(
        By.cssSelector(".product-name")));
    WebElement totalAmount = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(".order-total"));
    
    assertEquals("Printed Summer Dress", productName.getText());
    assertEquals("$58.50", totalAmount.getText());
}

Best Practices for E-commerce Test Automation

1. Use Page Object Model (POM): Simplifies test maintenance by separating page structure from test logic.

2. Parameterize Tests: Run the same test for different data sets using TestNG’s @DataProvider.

3. Integrate with CI/CD: Execute tests automatically using Jenkins or GitHub Actions.

4. Handle Dynamic Elements: Use XPath functions like contains() or starts-with() for dynamic locators.

5. Implement Explicit Waits: Ensure elements are fully loaded before interacting with them.

---

Advanced Testing Scenarios

• Performance Testing (JMeter + Selenium)

• Security Testing (OWASP ZAP for vulnerability scans)

• Localization Testing (Multi-language support validation)

---

Complementary Tools for E-commerce Testing

Tool	Purpose
JMeter	Load & performance testing
Postman	API testing
Allure Reports	Detailed test reporting
Docker	Containerized test execution

---

Conclusion

Automating e-commerce testing with Selenium ensures faster releases, fewer bugs, and better user experience. By following best practices and leveraging tools like TestNG, POM, and CI/CD, teams can achieve scalable and maintainable test automation.

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