A Comprehensive Selenium WebDriver Tutorials for Beginners to Advanced

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This Selenium with Java Tutorial consists of 50+ Comprehensive Coding Posts with examples.

This Selenium Tutorial series is designed in such a way that users can learn and master Selenium WebDriver from scratch. If you are a beginner and want to start your career as an Automation Testing Expert, then you should go through this tutorial step by step.

This tutorial has beautifully explained the Selenium WebDriver example code in Java. It is rated as one of the best Selenium WebDriver Tutorials with Java on different rating platforms.

1. What is Automation Testing?

Automation testing is the process of automating the execution of manual test cases with the help of automation tools like., Selenium WebDriver, Protractor, Mobile Testing, Postman, JMeter, etc.

2. Why is Automation Testing needed?

Automation Testing helps us reduce our testing effort and cost by automating repetitive testing cycles. And by doing this, software release cycles can be much faster, and software products are readily available in the market. Automation testing generally covers Functional and Performance Testing.

Functional Automation - Automated Regression Testing is a good example of functional automation. Manual Regression testing requires a lot of testing effort and time. We can cut down the time duration of regression testing by automating most of the regression test cases. Remember, 100% automation is not possible.

Non-Functional Automation - Non-functional testing means performance testing in our case. We can also automate performance test cases by using automation tools, e.g., JMeter.

3. What is Selenium? Why did they name it Selenium?

Selenium is a suite of different automation testing tools., Selenium IDE, Selenium RC, WebDriver, and Selenium Grid. The Selenium Introductory video explained it all.

1. Selenium IDE Tutorial

1. What is Selenium IDE?

2. Features of Selenium IDE

3. Difference between Selenium IDE and WebDriver

4. Install and Set Up Selenium IDE

5. Selenium IDE Commands

6. Record and Execute Automation Scripts with Selenium IDE

7. Working with Test Suites

8. Enhancing Test Cases with Assertions and Verifications

9. Parameterization and Data-Driven Testing

10. Working with Test Flow Control

11. Exporting Test Cases

12. Debugging and Troubleshooting

2. Selenium with Python Tutorial

Pre-Requisite: Basic Python Tutorial for Automation Testers

1. What is Selenium WebDriver?

Features of Selenium WebDriver

Selenium Variants

How does Selenium work?

2. Install and set up Selenium with Python

Install Selenium

Install Python

3. Locate Elements with Selenium Python

4. Selenium Python Commands

Selenium with Python Demo Scripts

Launch selenium.dev script

Search for the Keyword "Selenium" in pypi.org's search box

Automation script for Techlistic Demo Sign-up Form

3. Selenium with Java Tutorial

Pre-Requisites: Basic Java Tutorial for Automation Tester

Selenium Introduction

What is Selenium?
Advantages and Limitations of Selenium
Selenium Components
WebDriver Architecture
WebDriver Supported Browsers
Setting Up Webdriver
How Does WebDriver Work?

1. Selenium Locators

Different Locator Strategies in Selenium
Locating Element by ID
Locating Element by Name
Locating Element by ClassName
Locating Element by Link Text
Locating Element by Partial Link Text
Locating Element by Tag Name
Locating Element by Xpath
Locating Element by CSS Selector
Find Element Commands
Difference b/w FindElement and FindElements?

2. Selenium WebDriver Commands

Browser Commands

Launch Browser (FF, Chrome, Safari, IE)
Open URL
Maximize/Minimize Browser Window
Close and Quit Browser Windows

Get Commands

How to Get the Title of the Page?
How to Get Current URLs?
How to Get Page Source?

Browser Navigation Commands

Navigate Forward, Navigate Back, Navigate to a specific URL
Refresh Page

Web Element Commands

Clear
Send Keys
Click
Get Text
GetCssValue
isDisplayed
isSelected
isEnabled

Select Dropdown Commands

Select Class
Select By Index
Select By Visible Text
Select By Value
Deselect Commands
Multi-select Dropdowns

3. What is an Actions Class in Selenium WebDriver?

Perform Keyboard Events with Actions Class

Key Down
Key Up
Send Keys
Complete Program Example for Keyboard Events

Perform Mouse Events with Actions Class

Click
Click And Hold
Mouse Hover
Double Click
Right Click
Drag & Drop
Move By Offset
Release

4. What are the different Selenium Waits?

Implicit Wait

Explicit Wait

Fluent Wait

5. How to Capture Screenshots with Selenium WebDriver?

Take Screenshots while Automation Execution

Take a Partial Screenshot

6. How to find all broken links of the website with Selenium WebDriver?

What is a broken link?

Get all web page links using Selenium

Find all broken links on a web page by using the RestAssured library in Selenium

7. What is Robot Class in Selenium WebDriver? How can we handle window dialogs with it?

Upload a File with Selenium using the Robot Class

Download a File with Selenium using the Robot Class

8. Web Table Handling with Selenium WebDriver

Read Table Data using Selenium WebDriver

Handle Static and Dynamic Tables with Selenium WebDriver

9. Alerts, Browser Tabs, and Windows Handling with Selenium WebDriver

Handle Alerts or Pop-ups with Selenium WebDriver

Handle Multiple Browser Tabs

Handle Multiple Browser Windows

Handle Frames

10. How to automate scrolling with Selenium WebDriver?

What is JavaScript Executor in Selenium?
Horizontal & Vertical Scroll

11. Selenium WebDriver Exceptions

4. Selenium TestNG Tutorial

1. What is TestNG?

2. TestNG Features

3. TestNG Components

4. Install and set up TestNG in Eclipse

5. TestNG Annotations

@BeforeClass
@AfterClass
@BeforeMethod
@AfterMethod
@Test
@DependsOnMethods
@Priority
@DataProvider

6. Annotation Parameters

Set Test Methods Priority
Set Test Methods Dependency
Skip Test
Test Case Grouping

7. Selenium and TestNG Integration

8. Verify and Assert

9. TestNG Report

10. Creating a Test Suite using testng.xml

11. TestNG Page Factory

12. TestNG Data Provider

5. Selenium Practice Coding Exercises

Automate an Amazon-like E-Commerce website
Automate GoDaddy website features
Automate Demo Sign-Up Practice Form
Automate Google search with Selenium
Automate Upload and Download files with Selenium
Automatically find all the broken links on the webpage
Automate static and dynamic web tables with Selenium

6. Demo Websites for Selenium Practice

Techlistic Demo Sign-Up Practice Form
Amazon like an E-Commerce Website
Make My Trip Like a Travel Portal
Demo Practice Web Table
Demo Website for Handling Alerts
Demo Websites for API Testing

7. Selenium, Java, TestNG Interview Questions

1. 50+ Most Important Selenium Interview Questions and Answers

Selenium WebDriver Interview Questions

Actions Class Interview Questions

Selenium Locators Interview Questions

TestNG Interview Questions

Advanced Selenium Interview Questions

OOPS, Automation Framework, and Project-related Interview Questions

2. Top 20 Java Interview Questions and Answers
3. Top 20 Selenium TestNG Framework Interview Questions and Answers

8. Automation Frameworks

How to Implement Code Re-usability?
Keyword Driven Framework
Modular Framework
Data Driven Framework
Page Object Model
Hybrid Framework

9. FAQs and Selenium Blogs

What's New in Selenium-Automated Visual Testing?
How to learn Selenium WebDriver in 4 weeks?

My Experiments with Selenium

Future of Selenium Automation Testing

Which language is better to use with Selenium - Java or Python?

What is next after being a Selenium Expert?

Top 10 Most Widely Used Automation Testing Tools
Selenium 4 is Released: What Every QA Must Know?
Which has better career opportunities, Selenium or QTP?

Next >> Introduction to Selenium and Setup

Author
Vaneesh Behl
Passionately writing and working in Tech Space for more than a decade.

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Selenium Automation for E-commerce Websites

Table of Contents Why Automate E-commerce Testing? Key Challenges in E-commerce Testing Prerequisites for Automation Test Scenarios for E-commerce Websites User Registration & Login Search Product Feature Product Details & Cart Management Checkout & Payment Flow Best Practices for E-commerce Test Automation Advanced Testing Scenarios Complementary Tools for E-commerce Testing Conclusion Why Automate E-commerce Testing? Modern e-commerce platforms are complex ecosystems integrating: Product catalogs with thousands of dynamic SKUs Multi-step shopping carts with real-time calculations Secure payment gateways (credit cards, digital wallets) User account systems with personalized experiences Automation delivers transformative benefits: Benefit Impact Example Lightning-Fast Execution 10-100x faster than manual testing Run 500 product search tests in 15 minutes instead of 8 hours Flawless Precision 99.9% error-free test exec...

Selenium WebDriver has become the industry standard for web automation testing, with over 65% of QA professionals using it for browser test automation (2024 StackOverflow Developer Survey). However, practicing automation on live production websites poses serious risks: 🚫 Potential security breaches from test scripts 🚫 Unintentional DDoS attacks from repeated test cycles 🚫 Violation of website terms of service 🚫 Legal consequences for unauthorized testing Why Practice Selenium on Demo Websites? Before working on live applications, mastering automation on demo websites helps you: Learn risk-free : Experiment without breaking production systems Simulate real-world scenarios : From simple forms to complex e-commerce checkouts Build portfolio projects : Demonstrate skills with tangible examples Troubleshoot common issues : Handle dynamic elements, iframes, and AJAX calls "85% of automation engineers use demo sites to debug locator strategies before enterprise projects." ...

Demo Webtable 1 (Static Table) This table has 7 rows and 3 columns. So, the distribution of rows and columns is even. We can assume this table is a static or linear table. This table is easy to automate. Company Contact Country Google Maria Anders Germany Meta Francisco Chang Mexico Microsoft Roland Mendel Austria Island Trading Helen Bennett UK Adobe Yoshi Tannamuri Canada Amazon Giovanni Rovelli Italy Demo Webtable 2 (Dynamic Table) This table has an uneven distribution of rows and columns the last row has two columns only, but the other rows have 7 columns each. So, let's assume it is a dynamic table. This table is a tougher task. Structure Country City Height Built Rank … Total 4 buildings Burj Khalifa UAE Dubai 829m 2010 1 Clock Tower Hotel Saudi Arabia Mecca 601m 2012 2 Taipei 101 Taiwan Taipei 509m 2004 3 Financial Center China Shanghai 492m 2008 4 Selenium Practice Exercises for Demo Table 2 - Verify that there are only 4 structure values present in the table with Se...

Boost Your Automation Skills with Practical Selenium Exercises Looking for hands-on Selenium practice? Our curated collection of real-world automation exercises helps you master Selenium WebDriver through practical application. These assignments simulate actual testing scenarios used by Fortune 500 companies, helping you bridge the gap between theory and professional implementation. Why These Exercises Matter 🚀 Career-ready skills : Learn automation techniques used in top tech firms 💡 Progressive difficulty : From beginner forms to advanced e-commerce workflows ✅ Complete solutions : Reference code for all exercises included 📈 Skill validation : Test your knowledge against industry standards Top Selenium Practice Projects E-Commerce Website Automation with Selenium (Amazon-like) In this self-learning project assignment, we'll automate all the major e-commerce website features with Selenium and Java. We'll automate Sign-up and login, search products...

Top Indian CEOs in the USA Indian Americans have been making significant contributions to the US economy for decades. Many Indian-origin executives have reached the pinnacle of success in American corporations and hold some of the highest-paid positions in the country. In this post, we will take a look at the top 10 highly paid Indian-origin CEOs in the USA, their history, academics, salary, and net worth. 1. Sunder Pichai Salary US$ 199.7 million Sundar Pichai is the CEO of Google and Alphabet Inc. Born in Tamil Nadu, India, Pichai grew up in a middle-class family and earned a Bachelor’s degree in Metallurgical Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur. He went on to earn a Master’s degree in Material Sciences and Engineering from Stanford University and an MBA from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Pichai joined Google in 2004 and rose through the ranks to become CEO in 2015. His annual salary in 2021 was $2 million, and his net ...

Introduction This ultimate guide explains every essential Selenium WebDriver command with detailed technical explanations and practical Java examples. Whether you're writing your first test script or optimizing an existing framework, understanding these commands is crucial for effective test automation. Table of Contents Browser Initialization Commands Browser Window Commands Navigation Commands Element Location Commands Element Interaction Commands Dropdown Handling Commands Advanced Utility Commands 1. Browser Initialization Commands System.setProperty() java System . setProperty ( "webdriver.chrome.driver" , "path/to/chromedriver" ) ; Explanation: Sets the system property to specify the path to the browser driver executable Required before creating a WebDriver instance Must match your browser version (e.g., ChromeDriver for Chrome) Path can be absolute or relative to project WebDriver Initialization java WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver ( ) ; Explana...

1. What is Selenium IDE? Selenium IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is a browser-based tool used for automating web application testing. It is an open-source record-and-playback tool that allows testers and developers to create automated test cases without the need for extensive programming knowledge. Selenium IDE provides a simple and user-friendly interface for creating and executing test cases. It records user interactions with a web application and generates corresponding code in Selenium's scripting language. This makes it easy to create automated tests quickly and efficiently. Table of Contents 1. Introduction to Selenium IDE 1.1 What is Selenium IDE? 1.2 Benefits of Using Selenium IDE 1.3 Features of Selenium IDE 1.4 Difference between Selenium IDE and Webdriver 1.5 Getting Started with Selenium IDE 2. How Selenium IDE Works 3. Recording and Playing Back Test Cases ...

In this tutorial, we'll explain each and every aspect of Behavior Driven Development. This BDD Python tutorial will help you create and design your automation tests and framework. Table of Content 1. What is BDD? 2. What is Gherkin Language in BDD? 3. What is Behave in Python? 4. Installing and Setup Behave 5. Project Structure for Behave Python (BDD) 6. Feature Files, Step Functions and Other Files in Behave Feature File Step Functions Step Parameters Passing String Param from Feature File Passing Integer Param from Feature File environment.py file behave.ini file 7. Run Feature files in Behave Run a single feature file Run multiple feature files Generate JUNIT xml reports with behave Run feature files with Python suite file Upcoming Tutorials: 8. API Automation Testing with BDD Python (Behave) 9. Selenium Automation with BDD Python (Behave) 1. What is BDD? BDD stands for Behavior Driven Development. BDD is an agile process of development. It encourages non-technical or business t...

Google Search represents one of the most complex yet essential web elements to automate because: It uses AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) for real-time suggestions The UI frequently changes, requiring robust locator strategies It's the perfect case study for mastering dynamic element handling Key Learning Objectives ✔ Understand how AJAX powers Google's instant search suggestions ✔ Implement Explicit Waits to handle dynamic content ✔ Automate the complete search suggestion workflow ✔ Build failure-resistant test scripts "Google's search automation is the ultimate test of your Selenium skills - it combines dynamic waits, precise element location, and real-world AJAX handling." - Sarah Johnson, Lead QA Automation Engineer Table of Index What is AJAX Search? Why Use Explicit Wait for AJAX? Step-by-Step Automation Guide Complete Java Code Solution Common Errors & Fixes Best Practices FAQs What is AJAX Search? AJAX...

Automation testing has long been a cornerstone of efficient software development and quality assurance processes. Selenium, as a widely adopted automation testing tool, has empowered testers to perform web application testing effectively. However, with the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), Selenium testing is undergoing a paradigm shift, enabling smarter, faster, and more accurate test automation. This blog explores how AI and ML are transforming Selenium testing, their benefits, use cases, and the future of automation testing. Understanding AI and Machine Learning in Testing Artificial Intelligence (AI) : The simulation of human intelligence in machines, enabling them to perform tasks like reasoning, learning, and problem-solving. Machine Learning (ML) : A subset of AI that allows systems to learn and improve from experience without explicit programming. When applied to Selenium testing, AI and ML enable automated test scripts to adapt ...